You might try one place by hand and see if you can do anything with it.
A piece of terry cloth seems to give quite a bit of "bite" when using products by hand. Depending on the product, it is possible to rub through some paints so don't get too carried away. It doesn't have to be an aggressive product either. The terry cloth is that much more aggressive than a foam applicator.
I would try a chemical cleaner and see what it does.
Poorboy's Pro Polish is pretty strong stuff, but won't damage the paint.
Klasse AIO works good, but may not be strong enough to do you any good. Duragloss #501 is also a strong cleaner.
Unfortunately, I think Troy maybe right as to the extent of the damage.
If you find you do need to replace the wheels and want OEM wheels again, find a custom wheel store and see if they have any OEM takeoffs you could make a deal for. The guy I deal with has hundreds of them and I have bought a couple of sets well worth the money.